Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | p | b | t | d | ? | ? | c | ? | k | ɡ | q | ? | ? | |||||||||
Nasal | m | ? | n | ? | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||
Trill | ? | r | ? | |||||||||||||||||||
Tap or Flap | ? | ? | ? | |||||||||||||||||||
Fricative | ? | β | f | v | θ | e | s | z | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | x | ? | χ | ? | ? | ? | h | ? |
Lateral fricative | ? | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | ? | ? | ? | j | ? | |||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Ejectives | ? | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiced implosives | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Clicks | ? | ? | ? | ? | ∥ |
? | ? | ? | ? | w | ? |
? | ?? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
?? Syllabic | ?? Aspirated | ?? Unaspirated | ?? Ejective | ?? Affricate or double articulation | ?? Affricate or double articulation | ||
?? Nasalized | ?? Labialized | ?? Palatalized | ?? Velarized | ?? Velarized or pharyngealized | ?? Pharyngealized | ||
?? Voiceless | ? Voicing | ?? Voiced | ?? Breathy voiced | ?? Creaky voiced | |||
?? Raised | ?? Raised | ?? Lowered | ?? Lowered | ?? Dentolabial | ?? Linguolabial | ?? Labial spreading | |
?? Dental | ?? Alveolar | ?? Apical | ?? Laminal | ??? Interdental/bidental | |||
?? No audible release | ?? Lateral release | ?? Nasal release | ?? Nasal escape | ?? Denasal | ?? Velopharyngeal friction |
Tones and Word Accents | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
?? | ? | ?? | ↓ | ||||
?? | ? | ?? | ↑ | ||||
?? | ? | ?? | ↗ | ||||
?? | ? | ?? | ↘ | ||||
?? | ? | ?? |
Vowels
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Diacritics
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